树莓派修改Raspbian MAC 物理网卡地址

1、临时修改

sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down#关闭网卡设备

sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 hw ether c8:27:ea:01:8b:31#修改 MAC 地址

sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up#重新启用网卡

2. 永久修改（两种方法）

方法一

以上只是暂时修改mac地址，如果需要每次系统启动后，都自动修改好MAC地址的话，那么可以将以上命令写入启动脚本中。

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo nano /etc/rc.local
  GNU nano 2.2.6             File: /etc/rc.local

#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
fi
#sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down
#sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 hw ether c8:27:ea:01:8b:31
#sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up
exit 0

方法二

直接编辑 /etc/network/interfaces 文件，在 iface eth0 inet static 后面添加一行：

pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx（要改成的MAC） 

编辑interfaces文件

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
  GNU nano 2.2.6         File: /etc/network/interfaces

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)

# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd.

#or static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'.

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
#iface eth0 inet manual
iface eth0 inet static
pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether c8:27:ea:01:8b:31
address 192.168.1.50
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1

以上可以解决路由器查封MAC地址，导致客户端无法ping通网关和不能上网，拼网关响应很慢且反回为：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ping www.baidu.com
ping: unknown host www.baidu.com
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.1.50 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.1.50 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.1.50 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable